Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) isn’t just one condition. It’s a family of diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis that interfere with your breathing. In chronic bronchitis, ...

A diagnosis of COPD is confirmed by post‑bronchodilator spirometry supported by a quality-control process. To ensure early diagnosis, spirometry should be done in primary care when a person presents ...

Personalized Medicine. 2014;11(7):669-679. In this article, we will describe the current status of personalized medicine for chronic, complex diseases using chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD ...

The researchers demonstrated how to jointly examine prevalence estimates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from PLACES and social vulnerability measures from the Social Vulnerability ...

Characteristics of participants are displayed in Table 1. All smokers had started smoking at a time when this was socially acceptable. Most had started smoking because of social reasons. Theme 1: ...

Chest pain is a relatively common symptom of COPD. It may occur due to bronchial spasms, digestive conditions like GERD, or even frequent coughing. Managing COPD-related chest pain involves several ...