The continuous casting process is a fundamental operation in modern steel production, whereby molten metal is solidified into semi-finished billets, blooms or slabs. Optimisation of the associated ...

The second process is used in the foundries for producing cast products. This is the oldest and simplest (in theory but not in practice) means of manufacturing shaped components. Other techniques, ...

In any casting process it becomes tough to judge the exact cause of defects because they are quite perceptive in nature. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to identify the process parameters ...