Detection of confounding and confounders is important for observational studies, and especially so for epidemiologic studies. Miettinen and Cook (1981) derived two criteria for detecting confounders.

(PhysOrg.com) -- Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston University School of Public Health have found that no adjustment method fully resolves confounding by indication ...

Confounding Problems Grants assist undergraduate students in pursuing research related to so-called confounding (or wicked) problems. These are large-scale problems that resist any simple solution — ...