Voltage clamps for protecting low-voltage dc circuits require a new approach to circuit design. Many commonly used voltage clamps were built for systems of 5 V or higher, but lower-voltage systems ...

Sometimes a circuit requires a data link over an existing cable that doesn’t have any free conductors for a dedicated comm link. A common solution is to superimpose a high-frequency carrier modulated ...

There are many cases where a power supply needs an internal current-limiter function, usually built using a current sensor, a control circuit, and a pass transistor. The current sensor itself can be a ...

Editor’s note: This article is based upon a 2006 EDN article by Jim Williams; see Reference 1. There are six different types of FETs, but of the two major categories of FETs, enhancement mode devices ...

Courtesy of www.MikeHolt.com. Based on the 2020 NEC. Article 725 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) covers remote-control, signaling, and power-limited circuits that are not integral to a device or ...

In Part 1 of this two-part series, we presented a 3-phase, 480VAC motor circuit with its associated controls (Figure). We stepped through a logical, systematic approach to troubleshoot the main power ...

I see techs in the field get the most frustrated when they have a low-voltage short they can’t seem to locate. The challenge techs face with low voltage diagnosis is a combination of poor process and ...