A 60GHz front-end receive chain, phase-locked loop and power amplifier in 45nm digital CMOS technology has been created. These building blocks pave the way to second-generation 60GHz radios by 2010 ...

Low-voltage CMOS analog circuit design has emerged as a critical area of research, driven by the dual imperatives of energy efficiency and high-performance signal processing. This discipline focuses ...

In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Sophisticated smart meters use IC technology to accurately measure and report power consumption. A primary concern in smart meter design is measurement data integrity. The most effective solution to ...

CMOS technology has dominated the IC business for the last 25 years and will continue to do so for another 25 years, according to the author of CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation. He explains ...

Analog vs. Digital: What’s the Difference? Air temperature, sound loudness,light intensity—in nature, all of these quantities vary smoothly and continuously over a range. Such quantities is called ...

Today’s consumer, communication, and computer electronic devices have clocks, communication interfaces, and high-speed signal-conditioning circuits that operate at radio frequencies (RF). Providing ...

In this paper an All Digital phase locked loop is proposed. This PLL can accomplish faster phase lock. Additionally, the functions of frequency comparator and phase detector have been improved and are ...