MUNICH, Germany — The intelligent controllers from Wuerth Elektronik (Oehringen, Germany) ICS for automotive industry are small, powerful and easy to program. The product range named “ICCS” includes ...

As an electric motor’s rotor turns in close proximity to the motor windings, a bucking voltage or back electromotive force (EMF) is generated. The back EMF (BEMF) generated across the start winding is ...