Modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) has emerged as a pivotal technique in modern atomic physics and optical metrology. By utilising the nonlinear interaction between a modulated pump beam and an ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...

In this proposed paper, a simulation of convolutional encoder and Viterbi decoder presented. This paper focuses on the performance study of Viterbi algorithm by varying parameters like constraint ...