Biological drugs such as gene therapies and messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines frequently rely on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) coated in a layer of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to deliver medications to the ...

The crystal structure of PEG-PDI is achieved using cobaltocene as a reducing agent and omitting solvents and hydrogen atoms for clarity. Carbon atoms are gray, nitrogens are blue, oxygens red and ...