The Apgar score has long served as a rapid and effective tool for assessing the immediate physiological state of a newborn. By evaluating five key criteria—heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, ...

A 5-minute Apgar score < 7 was significantly associated with increased risks for in-hospital mortality, severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of ...

How important is Dr. Virginia Apgar to the modern practice of obstetrics? Here is the way the National Library of Medicine's website puts it: "[E]very baby born in a modern hospital anywhere in the ...