Modern civilization depends on the transport of liquid and gases in systems of pipes, just as humans depend on the transport of blood through arteries and veins 1. As fluids move through pipes, they ...

The significance of water volume measurement is growing, particularly in large diameters. The challenge related to fresh water or cooling water processes is to form accurate flow recordings or to ...

Once pulverized coal flows have been measured, they can be balanced and optimized. Until then, tuning is simply guesswork. The right way to balance furnace fuel flows is to establish solid baseline ...

A water flow meter is an instrument capable of measuring the amount of water passing through a pipe. Several water flow meter technologies are available for selection depending on the water ...

Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...