Abstract: A verifiable random function (VRF) is a pseudorandom function that enables source verification. By providing a public verification key and accompanying proof with the output, all parties can ...

Harvard's free programming classes teach you how to think, debug, and adapt in an AI-driven world where knowing code matters more than ever.

Abstract: Blockchain systems enable new applications, such as cryptocurrencies and smart contracts, using decentralized consensus without trusted authorities. A number of blockchain systems based on ...

Bridging communication gaps between hearing and hearing-impaired individuals is an important challenge in assistive ...

Once the project was ready, I fed the entire codebase into NotebookLM. I uploaded all the .py files as plain text files, ...

In many cases, the greatest British television shows are a cut above what we see on U.S. network TV. Here are 15 of the ...

A laser is usually constructed from two basic elements: a material that provides optical gain through stimulated emission and an optical cavity that partially traps the light. When the total gain in ...

Organizations have been kicking the tire on AI for the past several years, but 2025 saw an explosion of AI-powered offerings ...

Eeny, meeny, miny, mo, catch a tiger by the toe – so the rhyme goes. But even children know that counting-out rhymes like this are no help at making a truly random choice. Perhaps you remember when ...

Analyzing stochastic cell-to-cell variability can potentially reveal causal interactions in gene regulatory networks.

已经非常接近真实值了，如果继续微调，就可以无限接近真实值，虽然一般无法求得最优解，但现实中只是误差可以接受就可以了。通过现有的数据或资料，称为样本，通过尝试求解参数（局部最优解）的过程，就是机器学习的核心内容。误差值是用来控制每次调整参数的幅度。