The Minkowski spacetime, named after the mathematician Hermann Minkowski, is a fundamental concept in astrophysics to understand Einstein theory of Spacial Relativity. The Minkowski formulation of space combine the spatial dimensions (x, y, z) with one dimension of time (t), into a single unified matrix. The rendering of this geometry is a flat pseudo-Riemannian manifold with a non-Euclidean contracted length in which distances appear relative depending strictly on the motion of the observer. A

Minkowski diagram