Visit https://www.weldfabworld.com/welding-defects/ Defects in Crystalline Materials and Their Impact on Welding’s Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) Crystalline materials inherently contain defects that influence mechanical properties, especially in welded joints. The Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ)—exposed to thermal cycles without melting—experiences microstructural changes driven by defect dynamics. Here’s how defects form and affect the HAZ: 1. Point Defects Vacancies: Form during solidification due to rapi